tulquokbZ vk/kqfud yksdrkaf=d ç'kklu dh ,d egRoiw.kZ O;oLFkk gS] ftlds ek/;e ls vke ukxfjd viuh leL;kvksa] f'kdk;rksa] lq>koksa rFkk vis{kkvksa dks lh/ks ç'kklu vkSj 'kklu ds le{k çLrqr dj ldrs gSaA yksdra= esa turk dks loksZPp ekuk tkrk gS vkSj 'kklu dh lQyrk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd og turk dh leL;kvksa dks fdruh xaHkhjrk ls lqurk vkSj mudk lek/kku djrk gSA blh mís'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, tulquokbZ dh O;oLFkk fodflr dh xbZ gSA tulquokbZ dsoy f'kdk;r ntZ djus dh çfØ;k ugha gS] cfYd ;g ljdkj vkSj turk ds chp laokn LFkkfir djus dk ,d çHkkoh ek/;e Hkh gSA blds }kjk ç'kklu dks tehuh Lrj dh okLrfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh tkudkjh çkIr gksrh gS rFkk ukxfjdksa dks viuh ckr j[kus dk volj feyrk gSA orZeku le; esa dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa tulquokbZ dks lq'kklu] ikjnf'kZrk rFkk tokcnsgh dk egRoiw.kZ lk/ku ekurh gSaA fMftVy rduhdksa ds fodkl ds lkFk tulquokbZ dh çfØ;k vkSj vf/kd lqyHk] rst rFkk çHkkoh cu xbZ gSA vkt ukxfjd v‚uykbu iksVZy] eksckby ,fIyds'ku] bZ&esy rFkk vU; fMftVy ek/;eksa ls Hkh viuh f'kdk;rsa ntZ dj ldrs gSaA bl çdkj tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa vkSj ç'kklu ds chp fo'okl LFkkfir djus okyh ,d egRoiw.kZ O;oLFkk cu pqdh gSAtulquokbZ dk ewy mís'; ukxfjdksa dh leL;kvksa dk le;c) vkSj fu"i{k lek/kku lqfuf'pr djuk gSA fdlh Hkh ç'kklfud O;oLFkk esa vusd ckj ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mRiUu gksrh gSa] tc ukxfjdksa dks ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk ykHk ugha fey ikrk] fdlh foHkkx }kjk ykijokgh cjrh tkrh gS vFkok fdlh lsok ds laca/k esa dfBukb;k¡ mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa dks viuh leL;k lh/ks lacaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa ds le{k j[kus dk volj çnku djrh gSA blds ek/;e ls vf/kdkjh f'kdk;rksa dks lqurs gSa] rF;ksa dh tkap djrs gSa vkSj lek/kku ds fy, vko';d funsZ'k tkjh djrs gSaA tulquokbZ dk ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ mís'; ç'kklfud dk;ksaZ esa ikjnf'kZrk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro dks c<+kok nsuk Hkh gSA tc vf/kdkjh fu;fer :i ls turk dh leL;k,¡ lqurs gSa] rc mUgsa vius dk;ksaZ ds çfr vf/kd ftEesnkj gksuk iM+rk gSA blls ç'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gksrk gS vkSj turk dk fo'okl Hkh etcwr gksrk gSA tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa dks ;g vuqHko djkrh gS fd mudh leL;k,¡ 'kklu ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSa rFkk mudk lek/kku djuk ljdkj dh çkFkfedrk gSAHkkjr esa tulquokbZ dh ijaijk dkQh iqjkuh gS] fdarq vk/kqfud ç'kklfud <k¡ps esa bls vf/kd laxfBr vkSj O;ofLFkr :i fn;k x;k gSA orZeku esa fofHkUu ea=ky;ksa] foHkkxksa] ftyk ç'kklu] uxj fudk;ksa rFkk iapk;r Lrj ij fu;fer :i ls tulquokbZ dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd, tkrs gSaA vusd jkT;ksa esa fu/kkZfjr fnuksa ij ftyk dysDVj] mi[kaM vf/kdkjh] rglhynkj rFkk vU; ofj"B vf/kdkjh tulquokbZ djrs gSa vkSj ukxfjdksa dh leL;k,¡ lqurs gSaA blds vfrfjä dsaæ ljdkj rFkk fofHkUu jkT; ljdkjksa us v‚uykbu f'kdk;r fuokj.k iksVZy Hkh fodflr fd, gSa] ftuds ek/;e ls ukxfjd ?kj cSBs viuh f'kdk;r ntZ dj ldrs gSaA fMftVy tulquokbZ ç.kkyh us ç'kklu dks vf/kd ikjn'khZ vkSj çHkkoh cukus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA f'kdk;r ntZ gksus ds ckn mldh fLFkfr dk v‚uykbu voyksdu Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls ukxfjdksa dks ;g tkudkjh feyrh jgrh gS fd mudh f'kdk;r ij D;k dk;Zokgh dh tk jgh gSA bl O;oLFkk us f'kdk;r fuokj.k çfØ;k dks vf/kd ljy] lqfo/kktud vkSj tokcnsg cuk;k gSAtulquokbZ dh çfØ;k lkekU;r% ,d fuf'pr ç.kkyh ds vuqlkj lapkfyr dh tkrh gSA lcls igys ukxfjd viuh f'kdk;r] leL;k vFkok lq>ko dks fyf[kr vFkok v‚uykbu ek/;e ls çLrqr djrk gSA f'kdk;r çkIr gksus ds ckn lacaf/kr vf/kdkjh mldk iathdj.k djrs gSa vkSj mls lacaf/kr foHkkxdks Hkstrs gSaA ;fn ekeyk xaHkhj vFkok tfVy gksrk gS rks mldh foLr`r tkap djokbZ tkrh gSA tkap fjiksVZ çkIr gksus ds ckn lek/kku ds fy, vko';d dkjZokbZ dh tkrh gSA dbZ ekeyksa esa vf/kdkjh tulquokbZ ds nkSjku gh rRdky fu.kZ; ysdj leL;k dk lek/kku dj nsrs gSa] tcfd dqN ekeyksa esa le;c) dk;Z;kstuk cukdj lek/kku lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gSA bl iwjh çfØ;k esa f'kdk;rdrkZ dks Hkh vko';d tkudkjh miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSA vk/kqfud tulquokbZ ç.kkyh esa f'kdk;rksa dh fuxjkuh] le; lhek fu/kkZj.k rFkk çxfr fjiksVZ tSlh O;oLFkk,¡ Hkh 'kkfey gksrh gSa] ftlls lek/kku çfØ;k vf/kd çHkkoh curh gSA bl çdkj tulquokbZ dsoy f'kdk;r çkIr djus rd lhfer ugha jgrh] cfYd mlds lek/kku rd dh iwjh çfØ;k dks O;ofLFkr :i ls lapkfyr djrh gSAtulquokbZ dk egRo dsoy f'kdk;r fuokj.k rd lhfer ugha gS] cfYd ;g lq'kklu dh LFkkiuk esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsrh gSA tulquokbZ ds ek/;e ls ç'kklu dks turk dh okLrfod leL;kvksa vkSj vko';drkvksa dk çR;{k Kku çkIr gksrk gSA dbZ ckj ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds fØ;kUo;u esa vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa] Hkz"Vkpkj] vfu;ferrkvksa vFkok ç'kklfud dfe;ksa dh tkudkjh Hkh tulquokbZ ds ek/;e ls lkeus vkrh gSA blls ljdkj dks viuh uhfr;ksa vkSj ;kstukvksa esa vko';d lq/kkj djus dk volj feyrk gSA tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa dh lgHkkfxrk dks Hkh çksRlkfgr djrh gS] D;ksafd blds ek/;e ls yksx 'kklu çfØ;k dk lfØ; fgLlk curs gSaA ;g yksdra= dh Hkkouk dks etcwr djrh gS rFkk ç'kklu dks vf/kd laosnu'khy vkSj tuksUeq[k cukrh gSA blds vfrfjä tulquokbZ lkekftd U;k; dks c<+kok nsus esa Hkh lgk;d gksrh gS] D;ksafd blds ek/;e ls lekt ds detksj vkSj oafpr oxksaZ dks viuh leL;k,¡ j[kus rFkk U;k; çkIr djus dk volj feyrk gSAorZeku le; esa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh us tulquokbZ O;oLFkk dks ubZ fn'kk çnku dh gSA igys ukxfjdksa dks viuh f'kdk;r ntZ djkus ds fy, dk;kZy;ksa ds pDdj yxkus iM+rs Fks] ftlls le; vkSj lalk/kuksa dh gkfu gksrh FkhA ysfdu vc v‚uykbu tulquokbZ iksVZy] eksckby ,fIyds'ku] gsYiykbu uacj rFkk bZ&esy tSlh lqfo/kkvksa ds ek/;e ls f'kdk;r ntZ djuk vR;ar ljy gks x;k gSA fMftVy ç.kkyh ds dkj.k f'kdk;rksa dk fjd‚MZ lqjf{kr jgrk gS rFkk mudh fuxjkuh djuk Hkh vklku gks tkrk gSA dbZ jkT;ksa esa —f=e cqf)eÙkk vkSj MsVk fo'ys"k.k rduhdksa dk mi;ksx djds f'kdk;rksa ds çdkj] lek/kku dh xfr rFkk ç'kklfud çn'kZu dk ewY;kadu Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA blls f'kdk;r fuokj.k ç.kkyh dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj gks jgk gSA fMftVy tulquokbZ us xzkeh.k vkSj nwjLFk {ks=ksa ds ukxfjdksa dks Hkh 'kklu ls tksM+us esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA blls ç'kklfud lsokvksa dh igq¡p c<+h gS vkSj ukxfjdksa dh larqf"V esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSAgkyk¡fd tulquokbZ O;oLFkk ds le{k dqN pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh ekStwn gSaA dbZ ckj f'kdk;rksa dh la[;k vR;f/kd gksus ds dkj.k muds lek/kku esa foyac gks tkrk gSA dqN ekeyksa esa lacaf/kr foHkkxksa dh mnklhurk ;k leUo; dh deh Hkh leL;k mRiUu djrh gSA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fMftVy lk{kjrk dh tulquokbZ vk/kqfud yksdrkaf=d ç'kklu dh ,d egRoiw.kZ O;oLFkk gS] ftlds ek/;e ls vke ukxfjd viuh leL;kvksa] f'kdk;rksa] lq>koksa rFkk vis{kkvksa dks lh/ks ç'kklu vkSj 'kklu ds le{k çLrqr dj ldrs gSaA yksdra= esa turk dks loksZPp ekuk tkrk gS vkSj 'kklu dh lQyrk bl ckr ij fuHkZj djrh gS fd og turk dh leL;kvksa dks fdruh xaHkhjrk ls lqurk vkSj mudk lek/kku djrk gSA blh mís'; dh iwfrZ ds fy, tulquokbZ dh O;oLFkk fodflr dh xbZ gSA tulquokbZ dsoy f'kdk;r ntZ djus dh çfØ;k ugha gS] cfYd ;g ljdkj vkSj turk ds chp laokn LFkkfir djus dk ,d çHkkoh ek/;e Hkh gSA blds }kjk ç'kklu dks tehuh Lrj dh okLrfod ifjfLFkfr;ksa dh tkudkjh çkIr gksrh gS rFkk ukxfjdksa dks viuh ckr j[kus dk volj feyrk gSA orZeku le; esa dsaæ vkSj jkT; ljdkjsa tulquokbZ dks lq'kklu] ikjnf'kZrk rFkk tokcnsgh dk egRoiw.kZ lk/ku ekurh gSaA fMftVy rduhdksa ds fodkl ds lkFk tulquokbZ dh çfØ;k vkSj vf/kd lqyHk] rst rFkk çHkkoh cu xbZ gSA vkt ukxfjd v‚uykbu iksVZy] eksckby ,fIyds'ku] bZ&esy rFkk vU; fMftVy ek/;eksa ls Hkh viuh f'kdk;rsa ntZ dj ldrs gSaA bl çdkj tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa vkSj ç'kklu ds chp fo'okl LFkkfir djus okyh ,d egRoiw.kZ O;oLFkk cu pqdh gSAtulquokbZ dk ewy mís'; ukxfjdksa dh leL;kvksa dk le;c) vkSj fu"i{k lek/kku lqfuf'pr djuk gSA fdlh Hkh ç'kklfud O;oLFkk esa vusd ckj ,slh ifjfLFkfr;k¡ mRiUu gksrh gSa] tc ukxfjdksa dks ljdkjh ;kstukvksa dk ykHk ugha fey ikrk] fdlh foHkkx }kjk ykijokgh cjrh tkrh gS vFkok fdlh lsok ds laca/k esa dfBukb;k¡ mRiUu gks tkrh gSaA ,slh fLFkfr esa tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa dks viuh leL;k lh/ks lacaf/kr vf/kdkfj;ksa ds le{k j[kus dk volj çnku djrh gSA blds ek/;e ls vf/kdkjh f'kdk;rksa dks lqurs gSa] rF;ksa dh tkap djrs gSa vkSj lek/kku ds fy, vko';d funsZ'k tkjh djrs gSaA tulquokbZ dk ,d vU; egRoiw.kZ mís'; ç'kklfud dk;ksaZ esa ikjnf'kZrk vkSj mÙkjnkf;Ro dks c<+kok nsuk Hkh gSA tc vf/kdkjh fu;fer :i ls turk dh leL;k,¡ lqurs gSa] rc mUgsa vius dk;ksaZ ds çfr vf/kd ftEesnkj gksuk iM+rk gSA blls ç'kklfud O;oLFkk esa lq/kkj gksrk gS vkSj turk dk fo'okl Hkh etcwr gksrk gSA tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa dks ;g vuqHko djkrh gS fd mudh leL;k,¡ 'kklu ds fy, egRoiw.kZ gSa rFkk mudk lek/kku djuk ljdkj dh çkFkfedrk gSAHkkjr esa tulquokbZ dh ijaijk dkQh iqjkuh gS] fdarq vk/kqfud ç'kklfud <k¡ps esa bls vf/kd laxfBr vkSj O;ofLFkr :i fn;k x;k gSA orZeku esa fofHkUu ea=ky;ksa] foHkkxksa] ftyk ç'kklu] uxj fudk;ksa rFkk iapk;r Lrj ij fu;fer :i ls tulquokbZ dk;ZØe vk;ksftr fd, tkrs gSaA vusd jkT;ksa esa fu/kkZfjr fnuksa ij ftyk dysDVj] mi[kaM vf/kdkjh] rglhynkj rFkk vU; ofj"B vf/kdkjh tulquokbZ djrs gSa vkSj ukxfjdksa dh leL;k,¡ lqurs gSaA blds vfrfjä dsaæ ljdkj rFkk fofHkUu jkT; ljdkjksa us v‚uykbu f'kdk;r fuokj.k iksVZy Hkh fodflr fd, gSa] ftuds ek/;e ls ukxfjd ?kj cSBs viuh f'kdk;r ntZ dj ldrs gSaA fMftVy tulquokbZ ç.kkyh us ç'kklu dks vf/kd ikjn'khZ vkSj çHkkoh cukus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA f'kdk;r ntZ gksus ds ckn mldh fLFkfr dk v‚uykbu voyksdu Hkh fd;k tk ldrk gS] ftlls ukxfjdksa dks ;g tkudkjh feyrh jgrh gS fd mudh f'kdk;r ij D;k dk;Zokgh dh tk jgh gSA bl O;oLFkk us f'kdk;r fuokj.k çfØ;k dks vf/kd ljy] lqfo/kktud vkSj tokcnsg cuk;k gSAtulquokbZ dh çfØ;k lkekU;r% ,d fuf'pr ç.kkyh ds vuqlkj lapkfyr dh tkrh gSA lcls igys ukxfjd viuh f'kdk;r] leL;k vFkok lq>ko dks fyf[kr vFkok v‚uykbu ek/;e ls çLrqr djrk gSA f'kdk;r çkIr gksus ds ckn lacaf/kr vf/kdkjh mldk iathdj.k djrs gSa vkSj mls lacaf/kr foHkkxdks Hkstrs gSaA ;fn ekeyk xaHkhj vFkok tfVy gksrk gS rks mldh foLr`r tkap djokbZ tkrh gSA tkap fjiksVZ çkIr gksus ds ckn lek/kku ds fy, vko';d dkjZokbZ dh tkrh gSA dbZ ekeyksa esa vf/kdkjh tulquokbZ ds nkSjku gh rRdky fu.kZ; ysdj leL;k dk lek/kku dj nsrs gSa] tcfd dqN ekeyksa esa le;c) dk;Z;kstuk cukdj lek/kku lqfuf'pr fd;k tkrk gSA bl iwjh çfØ;k esa f'kdk;rdrkZ dks Hkh vko';d tkudkjh miyC/k djkbZ tkrh gSA vk/kqfud tulquokbZ ç.kkyh esa f'kdk;rksa dh fuxjkuh] le; lhek fu/kkZj.k rFkk çxfr fjiksVZ tSlh O;oLFkk,¡ Hkh 'kkfey gksrh gSa] ftlls lek/kku çfØ;k vf/kd çHkkoh curh gSA bl çdkj tulquokbZ dsoy f'kdk;r çkIr djus rd lhfer ugha jgrh] cfYd mlds lek/kku rd dh iwjh çfØ;k dks O;ofLFkr :i ls lapkfyr djrh gSAtulquokbZ dk egRo dsoy f'kdk;r fuokj.k rd lhfer ugha gS] cfYd ;g lq'kklu dh LFkkiuk esa Hkh egRoiw.kZ ;ksxnku nsrh gSA tulquokbZ ds ek/;e ls ç'kklu dks turk dh okLrfod leL;kvksa vkSj vko';drkvksa dk çR;{k Kku çkIr gksrk gSA dbZ ckj ljdkjh ;kstukvksa ds fØ;kUo;u esa vkus okyh dfBukb;ksa] Hkz"Vkpkj] vfu;ferrkvksa vFkok ç'kklfud dfe;ksa dh tkudkjh Hkh tulquokbZ ds ek/;e ls lkeus vkrh gSA blls ljdkj dks viuh uhfr;ksa vkSj ;kstukvksa esa vko';d lq/kkj djus dk volj feyrk gSA tulquokbZ ukxfjdksa dh lgHkkfxrk dks Hkh çksRlkfgr djrh gS] D;ksafd blds ek/;e ls yksx 'kklu çfØ;k dk lfØ; fgLlk curs gSaA ;g yksdra= dh Hkkouk dks etcwr djrh gS rFkk ç'kklu dks vf/kd laosnu'khy vkSj tuksUeq[k cukrh gSA blds vfrfjä tulquokbZ lkekftd U;k; dks c<+kok nsus esa Hkh lgk;d gksrh gS] D;ksafd blds ek/;e ls lekt ds detksj vkSj oafpr oxksaZ dks viuh leL;k,¡ j[kus rFkk U;k; çkIr djus dk volj feyrk gSAorZeku le; esa lwpuk çkS|ksfxdh us tulquokbZ O;oLFkk dks ubZ fn'kk çnku dh gSA igys ukxfjdksa dks viuh f'kdk;r ntZ djkus ds fy, dk;kZy;ksa ds pDdj yxkus iM+rs Fks] ftlls le; vkSj lalk/kuksa dh gkfu gksrh FkhA ysfdu vc v‚uykbu tulquokbZ iksVZy] eksckby ,fIyds'ku] gsYiykbu uacj rFkk bZ&esy tSlh lqfo/kkvksa ds ek/;e ls f'kdk;r ntZ djuk vR;ar ljy gks x;k gSA fMftVy ç.kkyh ds dkj.k f'kdk;rksa dk fjd‚MZ lqjf{kr jgrk gS rFkk mudh fuxjkuh djuk Hkh vklku gks tkrk gSA dbZ jkT;ksa esa —f=e cqf)eÙkk vkSj MsVk fo'ys"k.k rduhdksa dk mi;ksx djds f'kdk;rksa ds çdkj] lek/kku dh xfr rFkk ç'kklfud çn'kZu dk ewY;kadu Hkh fd;k tk jgk gSA blls f'kdk;r fuokj.k ç.kkyh dh xq.koÙkk esa lq/kkj gks jgk gSA fMftVy tulquokbZ us xzkeh.k vkSj nwjLFk {ks=ksa ds ukxfjdksa dks Hkh 'kklu ls tksM+us esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA blls ç'kklfud lsokvksa dh igq¡p c<+h gS vkSj ukxfjdksa dh larqf"V esa Hkh o`f) gqbZ gSAgkyk¡fd tulquokbZ O;oLFkk ds le{k dqN pqukSfr;k¡ Hkh ekStwn gSaA dbZ ckj f'kdk;rksa dh la[;k vR;f/kd gksus ds dkj.k muds lek/kku esa foyac gks tkrk gSA dqN ekeyksa esa lacaf/kr foHkkxksa dh mnklhurk ;k leUo; dh deh Hkh leL;k mRiUu djrh gSA xzkeh.k {ks=ksa esa fMftVy lk{kjrk dh Submit